Symptoms of End-Stage Renal Failure in Clinic

End-stage Renal Failure happens as one’s kidneys stop working let the patients can’t live without dialysis or kidney transplant. The damage is permanent and can’t be fixed in most of the cases. By knowing the various symptoms of the disease, one can tell if he or she develops the fatal disease.
The symptoms of End-stage Renal Failure are as followings:

1. Gastrointestinal symptoms

Earliest symptoms occur in gastrointestinal tract. Mainly are:

² Poor appetite

² Nausea

² Vomiting

² Gastrointestinal inflammation

² Ulcer

² Gastrointestinal bleeding

2. Cardiovascular symptoms

² Atherosclerosis

² High blood pressure

² Pericarditis

² Heart failure

3. Hematologic symptoms

² Anemia

² Bleeding diathesis

² Leukocyte disorder

4. Respiratory symptoms

² Hyperventilation

² Uraemic pneumonitis

² Uraemic pleuritis

5. Neural and muscular symptoms

² Central nervous-- uremia encephalopathy

² Peripheral nerves—restless leg syndrome

² Myopathy--myasthenia, amyotrophia, myositis

6. Cutaneous symptoms

² Skin itch

² Chromatosis

² Urea cream

² metastatic calcification

7. Skeletal system symptoms

² Renal bone disease

² High-bone turnover disease

² Low-bone turnover disease

² Mixed bone disease

² Dialysis bone disease (β2microglobulin,deposition)

8. Endocrinologic and metabolic disorder

² EPO increase

² PTH increase

² Sexual disorder

² hypothyroidism

9. Infection—One of the leading causes of deaths in patients with CRF

² Immune disorder and white blood cell dysfunction

10. Metabolic acidosis—one of the most common causes of deaths in patients with uraemia
Major causes of metabolic acidosis: GRF declines, retention of acid metabolites appears; secretory function of hydrogen in renal tubulus has been damaged; secretory ability of hydrogen in renal tubulus declines

11. Imbalance of water and electrolytes

² Dehydration or excessive water

² Sodium loss or retention of sodium

² Hyperkalemia / hypokalemia

² Hypocalcemia / hypercalcemia

² hyperphosphatemia

² Hypermagnesemia

² Aluminum accumulation

Among all those symptoms, some of them will occur in the early stage while some in the advanced stage. End-stage Renal Failure can be avoided as long as you detect them early.

Kidney Fibrosis: Main Culprit for CRF or ESRF

What is kidney fibrosis?

Kidney fibrosis is the primary cause responsible for the development of various kidney diseases. It was fibrosis which leads to CRF or ESRF (End-stage Renal Failure), poses serious damages on kidneys and threatens patients’ life security.

Kidney fibrosis is characterized by the excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and its final result is glomerular sclerosis and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The excess deposition of fibrous tissues gradually replaces the healthy ones, disrupts the normal renal structure resulting in the Kidney Failure.

After realizing the facts about kidney fibrosis, then what are the major incentives accounting for progression?

1. sustained hypertension

Reports have revealed that high blood pressure is the result of various kidney diseases, the other way round, it is also one vital factor involved in the kidney disease progression. Uncontrolled or poorly controlled high blood pressure is a bad sign for prognosis. What’s worse, elevated hypertension is an independent risky factor to ESRF.

2. poorly controlled proteinuria

Same as hypertension, massive proteinuria appears as not only the result of kidney disease, but also a crucial cause of kidney fibrosis. Heavy albuminuria signals patients a poor prognosis. This is especially true among the patients with primary membranous nephropathy.

3. infections

Infections are able to cause accelerated metabolism and pose extra burden on the impaired kidneys. The infection itself and bacterial endotoxin damages kidneys too. That’s why as one’s illness condition progresses all of a sudden, infection will be suspected as the first culprit.

4. Abnormal lipid metabolism

Hyperlipemia is one of the abnormal lipid metabolisms. It could speed up the glomerulosclerosis and kidney fibrosis.

Those four factors are the major incentives of the fibrosis. If you have diagnosed some kind of kidney diseases, or suffer from a sudden development of your disease condition, then you’d better pay more attention to those factors.

More Informations Email Me: kidneyfailurecn@hotmail.com

Top Seven Causes Trigger End-stage Renal Failure

End-stage Renal Failure (ESRF) is the most serious stage of Renal Failure, which cannot be fixed. When the condition develops to ESRF, it denotes that the kidneys quit working completely leading to the excess fluids, wastes and electrolytes build up in human body, one can’t live without dialysis or kidney transplant.

Why would End-stage Renal Failure occur?

There can be a variety of reasons causing ESRF, SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), allergic purpura, hyperuricaemia and so on.

1. High blood pressure

Evidence shows that 15% of people with high blood pressure would develop to ESRF directly. According to the data from USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report, high blood pressure causes more than 25,000 new cases of kidney failure in the United States. These numbers are frightening and are expected to wildly increasing in the coming ten years.

2. Diabetes

In comparison with hypertension causing ESRF, the number doubles in people with diabetes. With over 20 million people in the United States affected and those numbers on the rise, accounting for nearly 44 percent of new cases.

3. Kidney diseases

All the chronic kidney diseases would lead to ESRF sooner or later. Among them, chronic nephritis becomes a major culprit and glomerulonephritis accounts for 55.7% of cases.

4. Urinary tract infection or obstruction

Chronic pyelonephritis accounts for 21.2% of the cases.

5. Toxic side effects of medications

Research shows that 25% of people with Renal Failure are associated with renal toxic drugs.

6. Age

17.3% elderly people suffer from various kidney diseases in China. Resident patients suffer from urinary tract diseases accounting for 3.4%-6.3% among all the cases. The urinary tract diseases have become the top eight causes of death among elderly people.

7. HIV

HIV has become an increasingly worrisome health problem worldwide, and the new cases of ESRF caused by HIV rises accordingly. Statistics shows that HIV induced ESRF accounts for 1% of ESRF cases. These numbers could surge in recent years as more and more people are infected with HIV.

More Informations Email Me: kidneyfailurecn@hotmail.com